Tolbuchin | [135], In a 2018 Rating Sociological Group poll, 47% of Ukrainian respondents had a positive opinion of Brezhnev.[136]. In 1952 he had a meeting with Stalin after which Stalin promoted Brezhnev to the Communist Party's Central Committee as a candidate member of the Presidium (formerly the Politburo)[13] and made him one of ten secretaries of the Central Committee. Nach der vollständigen Besetzung der Ukraine durch die Deutschen wurde Breschnew im Sommer 1942 an die Front im Kaukasus versetzt. in Kamenskoje (heute Dniprodserschynsk/Ukraine); gest. Er absolvierte eine technische Ausbildung. Dicembre 1906 Data di morte: 10. During Stalin's Great Purge, Brezhnev was one of many ambitious apparatchiks who exploited the resulting openings in the government and the party to advance rapidly in the regime's ranks. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnew (russisch Леонид Ильич Брежнев anhören? Il bacio tra Leonid Il'ič Brežnev ed Erich Honecker. [92], Soviet foreign relations with the People's Republic of China quickly deteriorated after Nikita Khrushchev's attempts to reach a rapprochement with more liberal Eastern European states such as Yugoslavia and the west. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnew (russisch Леонид Ильич Брежнев anhören? Stamm. The most notable candidates were Suslov and Andrei Kirilenko, who were both older than Brezhnev, and Fyodor Kulakov and Konstantin Chernenko, who were younger; Kulakov died of natural causes in 1978. Armee beauftragt. As a result of the limits agreed to by both superpowers in the first SALT Treaty, the Soviet Union obtained parity in nuclear weapons with the United States for the first time in the Cold War. Breschnew erreichte mit Chruschtschows Hilfe das höchste politische Gremium der Sowjetunion, er wurde am 29. 426 Beziehungen ; Leonid Breschnew: 25 Jahre tot, in Witzen lebendig Moskau. Budjonny | Is é an ceannaire a chaith an tréimhse is … 1923 trat er der kommunistischen Jugendorganisation Komsomol bei. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union as General Secretary of the governing Communist Party (1964–1982) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1977–1982). Pressespiegel, Stream-Videos und Bildergalerie auf unserer Website; Terminübersicht: Der Bayrische Rundfunk – ARD-alpha sendet Beiträge zum Historikertag; VHD hat renommierte Forschungspreise auf dem 50. Italiano: Leonid Il'ič Brežnev (1906-1982) fu a capo dell'USSR dal 1964 al 1982. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnew @HeiNER - the Heidelberg Named Entity Resource. She had suffered for a long time from diabetes and was nearly blind in her last years. Baghramjan | Nach Beginn des Deutsch-Sowjetischen Krieges am 22. Januar 2021 um 07:31 Uhr bearbeitet. , query time: 2s Sort Relevance Date Descending Date Ascending Call Number Author Title Tiedot välitetään seurakuntaan, josta virkatodistus tilataan. Jerjomenko | [84] Additionally, as a result of negotiations during the Helsinki Accords, Brezhnev succeeded in securing the legitimization of Soviet hegemony over Eastern Europe. 1 Leben und Werk Influenced by Brezhnev's allies, Politburo members voted on 14 October to remove Khrushchev from office. Nutrition ceased to improve in the late 1970s, while rationing of staple food products returned to Sverdlovsk for instance. [49] Consumption per head rose by an estimated 70% under Brezhnev, but with three-quarters of this growth happening before 1973 and only one-quarter in the second half of his rule. Ukrainischen Front, als diese am 9. Towards this end, he exploited his control over both state and party organs to leverage support among the nomenklatura. In der DDR gab er bis 1958 die Zeitschrift Die Presse der Sowjetunion und der Volksdemokratien heraus und war bis 1981 Chefredakteur der Zeitschrift Probleme des Friedens und des Sozialismus. [7] In 1936, he became director of the Dniprodzerzhynsk Metallurgical Technicum (a technical college) and was transferred to the regional center of Dnipropetrovsk. Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der KPdSU (Hrsg. The USSR was hampered by the effects of World War II, which had left most of Western USSR in ruins, however Western aid and Soviet espionage in the period 1941–1945 (culminating in cash, material and equipment deliveries for military and industrial purposes) had allowed the Russians to leapfrog many Western economies in the development of advanced technologies, particularly in the fields of nuclear technology, radio communications, agriculture and heavy manufacturing. [27] Brezhnev further expanded his authority following a clash with Second Secretary Mikhail Suslov,[28] who thereafter never challenged his authority. His love of medals (he received over 100) was well known, so in December 1966, on his 60th birthday, he was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. Later in 1980, a political crisis emerged in Poland with the emergence of the Solidarity movement. He graduated from the Kamenskoye Metallurgical Technicum in 1935[8] and became a metallurgical engineer in the iron and steel industries of eastern Ukraine. April 1963 einen Schlaganfall, von dem er sich nicht mehr erholte; er starb im Januar 1965. Juni 1963 wurde Breschnew – zunächst unter Beibehaltung seines Postens als Vorsitzender des Präsidiums des Obersten Sowjets der UdSSR – Sekretär des ZK. However, his position was weakened following his enactment of several economic reforms in 1965 that collectively came to be known within the Party as the "Kosygin reform". Nikolai Beljajew (1957–1960) | [103] In July, Brezhnev publicly denounced the Czechoslovak leadership as "revisionist" and "anti-Soviet". This was seen by some as proof that de-collectivization was necessary to prevent Soviet agriculture from collapsing, but leading Soviet politicians shrank from supporting such drastic measures due to ideological and political interests. von Brežnev, L. | Brežnev, L. Wird geladen... 3 . [26] While Podgorny temporarily emerged as the second most powerful figure in the regime when his powers as Presidium Chairman were enhanced in 1973, his influence over Soviet policy continued to decline relative to Brezhnev as the latter shored up his support within the national security apparatus. Data di nascita: 19. [114] The book was followed by two other books, one on the Virgin Lands Campaign. In May 1938, after Nikita Khrushchev had taken control of the Ukrainian communist party, he was appointed head of the propaganda department of the Dnipropetrovsk regional communist party, and later, in 1939, a regional Party Secretary,[8] in charge of the city's defence industries. Leonid Il’ič Brežnev prijevod u rječniku talijanski - hrvatski u Glosbe, online rječnik, besplatno. Cite. Later that year, the 18th Army became part of the 1st Ukrainian Front, as the Red Army regained the initiative and advanced westward through Ukraine. Petrow | Brezhnev was born on 19 December 1906 in Kamenskoye, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire (now Kamianske, Ukraine), to metalworker Ilya Yakovlevich Brezhnev and his wife, Natalia Denisovna Mazalova. Due to Khrushchev's disregard for the rest of the Politburo upon combining his leadership of the party with that of the Soviet government, a plenum of the Central Committee in October 1964 forbade any single individual from holding both the offices of General Secretary and Premier. Breschnew | In February 1954, he was appointed second secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR, and was promoted to General Secretary in May, following Khrushchev's victory over Malenkov. Breschnew, Leonid Iljitsch : ALTERNATIVNAMEN : Брежнев, Леонид Ильич (russisch); Brežnev, Leonid Il'ič (wissenschaftliche Transliteration) KURZBESCHREIBUNG : sowjetischer Politiker, Parteichef der KPdSU der Sowjetunion (1964–1982) sowie Staatsoberhaupt der Sowjetunion (1977–1982) GEBURTSDATUM : 19. Dort lernte er auch Nikita Chruschtschow kennen, der zu einem wichtigen Schirmherrn Breschnews wurde. Sekretär bzw. By the early 1970s, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest industrial capacity, and produced more steel, oil, pig-iron, cement and tractors than any other country. These improved results were not encouraging. Explore Mimmo Cardone's photos on Flickr. Another sector that was hitting the wall was the sugar beet harvest, which had declined by 2% in the 1970s. ", Страницы истории (фрагменты из книги А.Ф. Done. Kurkotkin | Timoschenko | [129] National and international statesmen from around the globe attended his funeral. While sharing some similarities with approaches pursued during the Khrushchev Thaw, Brezhnev's policy significantly differed from Khrushchev's precedent in two ways. Mit der Teilnahme am KSZE-Prozess, der seinen Abschluss 1975 in der Schlussakte von Helsinki fand, wollte Breschnew die Entspannungspolitik fördern. The choice of the successor would have been influenced by Suslov, but he died at the age of 79 in January 1982. Brezhnev was born into a Russian working-class family in Kamenskoye, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire. Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti militari e politici è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. [93] When Brezhnev consolidated his power base in the 1960s, China was descending into crisis because of Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution, which led to the decimation of the Communist Party of China and other ruling offices. [29] During the early 1970s, Brezhnev consolidated his domestic position. / 1. Khrushchev's position as Party leader was secure until about 1962, but as he aged, he grew more erratic and his performance undermined the confidence of his fellow leaders. Politburo member Gennady Voronov advocated for the division of each farm's work-force into what he called "links". Brezhnev was promoted to the Central Committee in 1952 and became a full member of the Politburo in 1957. In May 1946, he was appointed first secretary of the Zaporozhe regional party committee, where his deputy Andrei Kirilenko, one of the most important members of the "Dnipropetrovsk Mafia". Transliteration Leonid Il'ič Brežnev; * 6. Vladimir Semichastny, head of the KGB,[18] was a crucial part of the conspiracy, as it was his duty to inform Khrushchev if anyone was plotting against his leadership. Like many youths in the years after the Russian Revolution of 1917, he received a technical education, at first in land management and then in metallurgy. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (/ˈbrɛʒnɛf/;[1] Russian: Леонид Ильич Брежнев, IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲid ɪˈlʲjidʑ ˈbrʲeʐnʲɪf] (listen); Ukrainian: Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв, 19 December 1906 – 10 November 1982)[2] was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union as General Secretary of the governing Communist Party (1964–1982) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1977–1982). He later made a visit to Moscow to negotiate a treaty on arms control and the Vietnam war, but on Vietnam nothing could be agreed. (EN) Leonid Il'ič Brežnev… Februar 1956 erneut ZK-Sekretär und Kandidat des Politbüros wurde. (The medal was posthumously revoked in 1989 for not meeting the criteria for citation. Globale und lokale Strukturen der Sportkultur in der späten Sowjetunion, in: Martin Aust (Hrsg. [63] This program had been proposed to Joseph Stalin by Andrey Andreyev in the 1940s, and had been opposed by Khrushchev before and after Stalin's death. Dezember 1906greg. [85] Furthermore, years of Soviet military aid to the Vietnamese People's Army finally bore fruit when collapsing morale among U.S. forces ultimately compelled their complete withdrawal from Vietnam by 1973,[86][87] thereby making way for the country's unification under communist rule two years later. Brežnjev [br’e'žn’if], Leonid Iljič (Brežnev, Leonid Il’ič), sovjetski političar i državnik (Kamenskoje, danas Dniprodzeržinsk, Ukrajina, 19. Übereinstimmung alle exakt jede Wörter . Panteleimon Ponomarenko (1954–1955) | Public domain Public domain false false: Diese Unterschrift besitzt wahrscheinlich keine urheberrechtlichen Beschränkungen und ist deshalb gemeinfrei, weil es nicht die im Herkunftsland und in den Vereingten Staaten benötigte Schöpfungshöhe erreicht. [21] This arrangement would persist until the late 1970s when Brezhnev firmly established himself as the dominant figure in the Soviet Union. [63], Agricultural output in 1980 was 21% higher than the average production rate between 1966 and 1970. Gennadi Kolbin (1986–1989) | Following the Stalinists' defeat, Brezhnev became a full member of the Politburo. Leonid Il’ič Brežnev Übersetzungen Leonid Il’ič Brežnev Hinzufügen . [citation needed] On 7 November 1982, despite his failing health, Brezhnev was present standing on Lenin's Mausoleum during the annual military parade and demonstration of workers commemorating the anniversary of the October Revolution. In reality Brezhnev became involved in the development of the Soviet missile and nuclear arms programs, including the Baykonur Cosmodrome. 1906 – Moskva, 10. Jegorow | [73], The state provided recreation facilities and annual holidays for hard-working citizens. Done. The only way he thought this was possible was by improving relations with both Communist China and the USSR. After some false starts, fellow conspirator Mikhail Suslov phoned Khrushchev on 12 October and requested that he return to Moscow to discuss the state of Soviet agriculture. Schmidt drängte Breschnew, das Gespräch mit Ronald Reagan (US-Präsident von 1981 bis 1989) zu suchen. Batizki | The Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc was unsure how to handle the situation, but Erich Honecker of East Germany pressed for military action. Er absolvierte eine technische Ausbildung. Frasi Leonid Il'ič Brežnev. The plan still left the bulk of the state's investment in industrial capital-goods production. He worked to evacuate Dnipropetrovsk's industries before the city fell to the Germans on 26 August, and then was assigned as a political commissar. Additionally, while pushing for détente between the two Cold War superpowers, he achieved Soviet nuclear parity with the United States and legitimised his country's hegemony over Eastern Europe. Leonid Il'ič Brežnev politico sovietico. The summit was marked by a friendly atmosphere, but there were no concrete breakthroughs by either side. [102] Parts of the Soviet military establishment were opposed to any sort of active Soviet military presence in Afghanistan, believing that the Soviet Union should leave Afghan politics alone. Nikolai Skworzow (1938–1945) | Als Breschnew 1931 der Kommunistischen Partei beitrat, war Josef Stalin ihr unangefochtener Führer und für viele Jungkommunisten ein Idol. La sicurezza è stata rimossa, ci vuole tempo per ristabilirla. By 1977, Brezhev was secure enough in his position to remove Podgorny as head of state and a member of the Politburo. Leonid Breznev nasce a Kamenskoye, nell’odierna Ucraina, il 19 dicembre 1906, da una famiglia operaia. Output quotas continued to be imposed centrally. [65], Over the eighteen years that Brezhnev ruled the Soviet Union, average income per head increased by half; three-quarters of this growth came in the 1960s and early 1970s. [8], Breschnew lernte 1925 Viktoria Petrowna Denisova (1908–1995) kennen und heiratete diese 1928. Am 5. The second part of the policy was based on the importance of equalizing the military strength of the United States and the Soviet Union. / 1. Stranica 1. [47], During 1928–1973, the Soviet Union was growing economically at a faster pace than the United States and Western Europe. Under Brezhnev's rule, the KGB infiltrated most, if not all, anti-government organisations, which ensured that there was little to no opposition against him or his power base. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnjew (üüb Rüs: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев Leoníd Il'íč Bréžnev; * 6. jul. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnew (russisch Леонид Ильич Брежнев anhören?/i, wiss. Schumabai Schajachmetow (1946–1954) | [134] In another poll in 2013, Brezhnev was voted the best Russian leader of the 20th century. This did not happen, as evidenced by Brezhnev's continued military support for the communist guerillas fighting against the U.S. during the Vietnam War. [79] The second part of the agreement, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, banned both countries from designing systems to intercept incoming missiles so neither the U.S. or the Soviet Union would be emboldened to strike the other without fear of nuclear retaliation. 19. During vacations, he lived in his Gosdacha in Zavidovo. Algorithmisch generierte Übersetzungen anzeigen. [83] In Brezhnev's defense, it can be said that the Soviet Union reached unprecedented and never-repeated levels of power, prestige, and internal calm under his rule. Brezhnev responded in his March 1982 speech in Tashkent where he called for the normalization of relations. [according to whom?] 01-09-2012 - Leonid Il'ič Brežnev - Parco delle Statue Cadute, Mosca [64], Brezhnev's answer to these problems was to issue two decrees, one in 1977 and one in 1981, which called for an increase in the maximum size of privately owned plots within the Soviet Union to half a hectare. Breschnew starb am Morgen des 10. Budite upozoreni. November 1982. His wife and family attended; his daughter Galina Brezhneva outraged spectators by not appearing in sombre garb. [44] In the People's Republic of Poland, another approach was taken in 1970 under the leadership of Edward Gierek; he believed that the government needed Western loans to facilitate the rapid growth of heavy industry. Konstantin Chernenko, a loyal addition to the "Dnipropetrovsk Mafia", was working in Moldova as head of the agitprop department, and one of the officials Brezhnev brought with him from Dnipropetrovsk was the future USSR Minister of the Interior, Nikolai Shchelokov. [90], Johnson privately suggested to Brezhnev that he would guarantee an end to South Vietnamese hostility if Brezhnev would guarantee a North Vietnamese one. [128] He was honored with a state funeral, which was followed with a five-day period of nationwide mourning. Oni dolaze iz mnogih izvora i ne provjeravaju. Dazu gehörte Frol Koslow, der Breschnew als Kronprinz Chruschtschows verdrängte. This did not happen. 1958: Deputy chairman, Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian SFSR, 1940–1941: Head, Defense Industry Department of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Committee, 1938–1939: Head, Trade Department of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Committee, 1937–1938: Deputy chairman, Dnipropetrovsk City Council, 1936–1937: Director, Dnipropetrovsk Regional Committee, 1945–1946: Head, Political Directorate of the, May–Jul. Finally Khrushchev understood what was happening, and said to Mikoyan, "If it's me who is the question, I will not make a fight of it. In der Folge scheiterte die Ratifizierung des SALT II-Vertrages vor dem US-Senat und es kam zum Boykott der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1980 in Moskau durch die USA und 64 weitere Nationen, darunter auch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. While some areas improved during the Brezhnev era, the majority of civilian services deteriorated and living conditions for Soviet citizens fell rapidly. The event also marked Brezhnev's final public appearance before dying three days later after suffering a heart attack. Conversely, Brezhnev's hostility to political reform ushered in an era of societal decline known as the Brezhnev Stagnation. Brezhnev responded by boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.[83]. [4] Nach seinem Tod war die Sowjetunion zwei Tage lang de facto ohne Staatsoberhaupt. Computed Name Heading. [115] Brezhnev's vanity made him the target of many political jokes. [60], The Eleventh Five-Year Plan of the Soviet Union delivered a disappointing result: a change in growth from 5 to 4%. English: Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Russian: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев) (1 January 1907 [Saint Vasil] – November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. [111] He deliberately presented a different persona to different people, culminating in the systematic glorification of his own career. Deetsember 1906 uun Kamenskoje, Jekaterinoslaw Guwernement, Keiserrik Rüslun (daaling Kamjanske, Dnipropetrowsk Prowins, Ukraine); † 10. Leonid Breschnew galt als Apparatschik ohne hervorstechende Eigenschaften und personifizierte zum einen die Verkrustung und Erstarrung, der das Sowjetsystem zu seiner Zeit anheimgefallen war. Brežnev rispose rigidamente: – Ti do 15 minuti per ristabilire il servizio di guardia. Zwischen Revolution, Stalinismus, Entstalinisierung und später Perestroika waren die Jahre unter Breschnew die einzigen der gesamten Geschichte der Sowjetunion, in denen diese keine internen Verwerfungen erfuhr. sowjetischer Politiker, Parteichef der KPdSU (1964–1982), Staatsoberhaupt der Sowjetunion (1977–1982). In a public opinion poll organised by the Polish government, 89% of the respondents supported Solidarity. Transliteration Leonid Il'ič Brežnev; ukrainisch Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв/Leonid Illitsch Breschnjew; * 19. Cereal crop output increased by 18%. A me, fra tutti, è piaciuto quello che vi mostro qui. Brežnev ‹ brièˇʃn'if ›, Leonid Il´ič. The initially successful Virgin Lands Campaign soon became unproductive and failed to solve the growing Soviet food crisis. Koschewoi | 1982).Politički uspon započeo kao štićenik N. Hruščova, God. [10] The Front's senior political commissar was Nikita Khrushchev, who had supported Brezhnev's career since the prewar years. [56] This was especially notable in the field of computers. [64] The underlying problems were the growing shortage of skilled workers, a wrecked rural culture, the payment of workers in proportion to the quantity rather than the quality of their work, and too large farm machinery for the small collective farms and the roadless countryside. This can be explained by Brezhnev's reversal of most of Khrushchev's policies. "[104] However, contrary to the stabilizing effect envisioned by Moscow, the invasion served as a catalyst for further dissent in the Eastern Bloc. Trade was necessary because the Soviet Union's domestic production of fodder crops was severely deficient. Il Presidente Daud incontrò Leonid Il'ič Brežnev in visita di stato a Mosca dal 12 al 15 aprile 1977. In February 1956 Brezhnev returned to Moscow and was made candidate member of the Politburo assigned in control of the defence industry, the space program including the Baykonur Cosmodrome, heavy industry, and capital construction. Den Beginn dieses Wandels vernahm die sowjetische Bevölkerung als positiv, so versprach Breschnew durch seine Berechenbarkeit eine gewisse Stabilität nach dem reformfreudigen Chruschtschow. Merezkow | Bhí Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Rúisis: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев, Leonid Il'ič Brežnev; 19 Nollaig, 1906 – 10 Samhain, 1982) ina cheannaire ar an Aontas Sóivéadach idir an 14 Deireadh Fómhair 1964 agus lá a bháis sa bhliain 1982. Under the rule of Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Union initially supported North Vietnam out of "fraternal solidarity". The reform, in contrast to the 1965 reform, sought to increase the central government's economic involvement by enhancing the duties and responsibilities of the ministries. Leonid Iljitsch Breschnew (russisch Леонид Ильич Брежнев anhören? Unter ihm sollte das Durchschnittsalter der Mitglieder des Politbüros über 70 Lebensjahre erreichen. He, with the help of fellow KGB associates, started circulating rumors that political corruption had become worse during Brezhnev's tenure as leader, in an attempt to create an environment hostile to Brezhnev in the Politburo. Il bacio è uno dei graffiti più celebri della East Side Gallery, il più lungo tratto di Muro rimasto in piedi ai giorni nostri. 1939 wurde er Parteisekretär im Gebietskomitee der Oblast Dnepropetrowsk in Dnepropetrowsk, zuständig u. a. für Propaganda und für die lokale Rüstungsindustrie. Laki tuotteiden ekologiselle suunnittelulle ja energiamerkinnälle asetettavista vaatimuksista annetun lain muuttamisesta. Brezhnev's ethnicity was given as Ukrainian in some documents, including his passport,[3][4][5] and Russian in others.[6][7]. Holders of attractive positions clung to them as long as possible; mere incompetence was not seen as a good reason to dismiss anyone. Ferner übersetzte er marxistisch-leninistische Literatur, sowjetische Memoirenliteratur und Belletristik aus dem Russischen. [72] The Soviet Government had no effective counter-measure; it was extremely difficult, if not impossible to replace ineffective workers because of the country's lack of unemployment.